sustainability · 2198 comments ·

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral is highly sensitive to its external environment. Changes in ocean temperature, pollution and run-off,  and pH (ocean acidification) can cause them to 'bleach' (1). When bleached, they can survive if optimal conditions return. However, if the stress is sustained, they will eventually die. As such, coral reefs are deeply threatened by environmental change and therefore make a good marker for the health of ocean ecosystems.

 

What is coral bleaching?

Coral live in a symbiotic relationship with microscopic, photosynthetic, algae called zooxanthellae (2). Like plants, the zooxanthellae capture sunlight and convert it into energy, providing essential nutrients to the coral (3). In return, the coral provides a protected environment for the zooxanthellae to live. Aside from providing nutrients, the zooxanthellae are also responsible for the colouring of many stony corals.

Under conditions of stress caused by changes in ocean temperature, agricultural run-off, and ocean acidification, resulting from human activities releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, the coral polyps expel their zooxanthellae, causing them to take on a white appearance, what is known as "coral bleaching" (4). The coral will not die instantly when the zooxanthellae is expelled, but if the period of stress is sustained, the zooxanthellae will be unable to re-enter the coral tissue, the coral will not get the essential nutrients it needs to survive.

What is left is the corals calcium carbonate skeleton. Algae begins to grow over the coral skeletons, blocking any chance of regrowth. After time, the skeletons will erode, resulting in the collapse of the reef structure. This collapse is not just an eyesore, it has catastrophic impacts for the ocean ecosystem, fisheries and local communities that depend on the reef for an income.

 

Why is it Important That we Protect Coral Reefs?

Habitat - Coral skeletons are an important component of the reef architecture and provide a habitat for 25% of all marine species (5). They provide shelter, spawning grounds and protection from predators. In their absence, fish stocks will decline, this has a knock-on effect to local communities who are reliant on fish for their main source of protein.

Tourism and Recreation - For coastal communities that are reliant on tourism for their income, the health of coral reefs is paramount to their survival. Ecotourism provides thousands of jobs and millions of dollars in income. It has been estimated that coral reefs have a global economic value of $36 billion per year (6).

Coastline Protection  - Coral reefs absorb 97% of a waves energy (7), acting as a buffer against storm events, such as hurricanes and tsunamis, to 150,000 km of global tropical coastlines in over 100 countries (8).

Pharmaceuticals - Due to the stationary nature of coral, it has developed a plethora of chemical defences in order to gain protection from predators and to fight disease. Coral is therefore becoming increasingly recognised as an important source of new drugs to treat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's and arthritis.

 

What Can we do to Help?

Although small changes at home will make a difference (e.g. buying organic food as to not contribute to the use of pesticides and herbicides), the real issue here is climate change which requires global cooperation and action to reduce emissions and slow global warming. The death of coral reefs is not just a great loss to the ocean but it will greatly impact millions of people, in over 100 countries, who rely on the reefs for their income and as a food source.

 

References:

  1. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5985/1523
  2. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral02_zooxanthellae.html#:~:text=Coral%20polyps%2C%20which%20are%20animals,water%20to%20carry%20out%20photosynthesis
  3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs003380050249
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312064
  5. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160404152918.htm
  6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17300635
  7. https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/coral-reefs.html
  8. https://oceanwealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Atlas_of_Ocean_Wealth.pdf

2199 comments

Your comment was posted successfully! Thank you!

  • t43tt
    https://pelisplus.outgrow.us/ucm8626-2

    https://pelisplus.outgrow.us/pelisplus-5
    https://pelisplus.outgrow.us/pelisplus-7
    https://pelisplus.outgrow.us/pelisplus-9
    https://repellis24.outgrow.us/repellis24-2
    https://repellis24.outgrow.us/repellis24-4
    https://repellis24.outgrow.us/repellis24-6
    https://repellis24.outgrow.us/repellis24-8
    https://123movies.outgrow.us/123movies-2
    https://123movies.outgrow.us/123movies-4
    https://123movies.outgrow.us/123movies-6
    https://netflix366.outgrow.us/netflix366-2
    https://netflix366.outgrow.us/netflix366-4
    https://netflix366.outgrow.us/netflix366-6
    https://deadpoolwolverin.outgrow.us/deadpoolwolverin-2
    https://transformersone.outgrow.us/transformersone-2
    https://beetlejuice2.outgrow.us/beetlejuice2-2
    https://amiracist.outgrow.us/amiracist-2
    https://thesubstance.outgrow.us/thesubstance-2
    https://speaknoevil.outgrow.us/speaknoevil-2
    https://subservience.outgrow.us/subservience-2
    https://www.akcie.cz/nazor?ID_TEMA=336&ID_NAZOR=394451#sel
    https://pastelink.net/v0eerpdz
    https://www.pastery.net/ynefja/
    https://web.stanford.edu/group/spanlab/cgi-bin/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Twetwertw45#efefe
    http://clan-banderos.de/web/index.php?site=profile&id=1&action=guestbook
    https://www.guestbook-free.com/books2/dieterbohlen/
    https://asmao.hashnode.dev/vrttrtrgtrg
    https://www.wilkinswalk.com/blogs/blogger/nike-air-vapormax?comment=133426053284#comments
    http://www.limesucks.com/thread_category/general/
    https://postheaven.net/4sv8y8sux5
    http://myhappiness.dinstudio.se/guest_11.html
    http://paste.jp/8c7ca4ec/
    https://yamcode.com/untitled-103243
    https://paiza.io/projects/MWo3x1r93F1yiJgeKBA6Qg
    https://pastebin.com/N9zKiTAz
    https://snippet.host/tvjpzm
    https://rentry.co/cgouonse
    http://paste.jp/8c7ca4ec/
    https://sebsauvage.net/paste/
    https://ctxt.io/2/AAC4WBVUEQ
    https://pastecode.io/s/qgaboyxo
    https://homment.com/fYWZlEOVYw45PXLC7tAv
    https://bitbin.it/R4si2InW/
    https://bitbin.it/R4si2InW/raw/
    https://www.taptap.io/post/8194615
    https://jsfiddle.net/z9tgpa26/
    https://issuu.com/amirah123/stacks
    https://etextpad.com/mwtyabxfbo
    https://rextester.com/XHYA57377
    https://justpaste.it/9f97l
    https://glot.io/snippets/h034mk7cq9
    https://tech.io/snippet/Abb3dRv
    https://jsitor.com/aNZJhKtQaj
    https://www.wowace.com/paste/6c796380
    https://paste.toolforge.org/view/ccf01f96
    https://paste.myst.rs/ko97maon
    https://matters.town/a/jq06c19r1cu3
    https://www.bihann.com/cast/443.html
    https://communicators.ncsu.edu/
    https://community.goldencorral.com/
    https://community.thoracic.org/
    https://network.propertyweek.com/
    https://ultrafighteronline.com/topic/6878/rgbgrrrg
    https://forum.thecodingcolosseum.com/topic/9524/dveegee
    https://nodebb.klangknecht.com/topic/3111/rerbb
    https://web3devcommunity.com/topic/10154/rgeerher
    https://forum.instube.com/d/140901-fbrbrbr
    https://herbalmeds-forum.biolife.com.my/d/143265-bfbfb
    https://www.homerev.com/blogs/home-revolution/how-often-should-i-wash-my-reusable-coffee-mug?comment=135440597245#comments
    https://vietnamtrade-forum.com/threads/uyjjuyjuyj.18445/
    https://smmwebforum.com/threads/thtrht.20649/
    http://www.fellnasen-service.de/index.php?thread/249866-hhtjhtj/
    https://chobaolam.vn/threads/ggththth.552997/
    http://forum.dnpsolpol.ru/threads/ergrtgtrg.6742/
    https://www.lifesshortlivefree.com/community/off-topic/rf4454/
    https://www.dotandlil.com/blogs/blog/77012548-now-in-stock-vintage-honey-tins-maintenant-disponibles-pots-de-miel-vintage?comment=134329860375#comments
    https://socialmphl.com/story19696709/stream-free-movies-tv-shows
    https://prbookmarkingwebsites.com/story20192489/stream-free-movies-tv-shows
    https://https://www.selbstbesaiter.com/g%C3%A4stebuch/cofradesdegranada.ideal.es/
    https://bitbucket.org/santuy213/workspace/snippets/eq8KAr
    https://forum.woimortal.com/forum/community/discussions/51873-ddsvdsdvd
    https://haftahavit.com/blogs/news/so-simple-gifts-for-everyone?comment=134927319338#comments
    https://www.baristaswag.com/blogs/news/free-pour-latte-art-coffee-art?comment=138071736422#comments
    https://tagzfoods.com/blogs/news/tagz-why?comment=134124241136#comments
    http://www.ks-welldental.com/well/bbs/board.php?bo_table=daily&wr_id=5&&page=1&#c_132
    https://www.bankier.pl/forum/wiadomosc-zapisana?
    https://ca.gleener.com/blogs/news/how-to-keep-your-workspace-working-for-you?comment=132506812474#comments
    http://www.hartmanice.cz/en/vlozit-komentar/
    https://bryantsmeat.com/blogs/recipes/sausage-gumbo?comment=127816302777#comments
    https://www.cantiqla.com/blogs/news/cantiq-anniversary-party?comment=132930044013#comments
    https://smartsnack.cl/blogs/news/beneficios-de-dejar-el-azucar-y-tips-para-lograrlo?comment=137125789874#comments
    https://dangtinvantai.com/threads/hynhnjthht.49263/
    https://www.allthebabies.co/blogs/news/mom-to-mom-with-valerie?comment=134124306672#comments
    https://smmwebforum.com/threads/trgr.20655/
    http://www.convio.com/
    https://medicine.ju.edu.jo/lists/confreg/allitems.aspx?paged=true&pagedprev=true&p_id=79748&pagefirstrow=3740&&view=%7B02ed05f7-bda9-44ef-bf5f-c25827d57ed8%7D
    post_id=68242307&obs=&emal=&st=1&thread_id=
    https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/am-i-racist-2024-full-movi𝚎-online-free-on-english/topicid-3620126062575616/
    https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/watch-beetlejuice-2-full-on-123movies/topicId-3620315588493313/

  • aaabbbccdd

    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/138837
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/138827
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140446
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140441
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140436
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139153
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139949
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139367
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139929
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139352
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/141210
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/141200
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/141195
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139262
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139013
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140811
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/141145
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139794
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139202
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139187
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140930
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139669
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140925
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139017
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139654

  • klililiylliyhlyliy

    https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/557312/assistir-terrifier-2-2022-online-dublado-e-legendado-em-portugues
    https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/557313/assistir-terrifier-2-2022-hd-gratis-filme-completo-em-portuguese
    https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/557315/asistir-terrifier-2-2022-filme-completo-em-portugues
    https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/557322/assistir-terrifier-2-online-gratis-2022-filme-completo-gratis
    https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/557323/assistir-hd-terrifier-2-2022-filme-completo-dublado-em-portugues-online-gratis
    https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/557324/assistir-black-adam-2022-online-dublado-e-legendado-em-portugues
    https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/557326/assistir-black-adam-2022-filme-completo-em-portuguese-hd-gratis
    https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/557328/asistir-black-adam-2022-filme-completo-em-portugues-pt
    https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/557332/assistir-black-adam-online-gratis-2022-filme-completo-gratis
    https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/557333/assistir-hd-black-adam-2022-filme-completo-dublado-em-portugues-online-gratis
    https://forum.techtudo.globo.com/perguntas/557342/terrifier-2-2022-fullmovie-online-download-free-720p-480p-and-1080p-on-eng-subn
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357732
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357736
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357740
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357746
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357750
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357762
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357763
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357767
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357769
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357770
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357837
    https://writer.dek-d.com/dek-d/writer/view.php?id=2357844
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/141140
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/141130
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140801
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140791
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139197
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139107
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139719
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/141025
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/141005
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140681
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140646
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140636
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139027
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/140626
    https://c.mi.com/ph/post/139649

  • andi

    https://blacks-organization.gitbook.io/la-terrifier-2-123movies-todavia-esta-activa/
    https://blacks-peliculas.gitbook.io/terrifier-2-2022-pelicula-completa-ver/
    https://blacks-peliculas.gitbook.io/repelis-ver-t3rrifier-2-2022-online-en-espanol/
    https://blacks-peliculas.gitbook.io/hd+tm-ver-t3rrifier-2-2022-pelicula-completas-hd/
    https://blacks-peliculas.gitbook.io/ver-t3rrivier-2-2022-completa-en-espanol/
    https://blacks-peliculas.gitbook.io/ver-pelicula-completa-de-t3rrifier-2-en-espanol/
    https://blacks-peliculas.gitbook.io/t3rrifier-2-pelicula-completa-subtitulada/
    https://blacks-peliculas.gitbook.io/hd-t3rrifier-2022-online-en-espanol-latino/
    https://blacks-peliculas.gitbook.io/cu3vana-t3rrrifier-2-ver-online-audio-latino/
    https://m-4.gitbook.io/repelisplus-.cherry-magic-dorama-en-espanol/
    https://m-4.gitbook.io/pelispedia-.cherry-magic-dorama-en-espanol-audio/
    https://m-4.gitbook.io/mira-cherry-magic-2022-pelicula-completa-en-hd/
    https://m-4.gitbook.io/cherry-magic-pelicula-completa-pelisplus4k/
    https://m-4.gitbook.io/hd-cherry-magic-2022-pelicula-completa-en-ingles/
    https://m-4.gitbook.io/ver-hd-.cherry-magic-dorama-en-espanol-audio-lati/
    https://m-4.gitbook.io/repelis-ver-cherry-magic-audio-latino-online/
    https://pelicula-2022.gitbook.io/ver.hd-tm-strange-world-pelicula-completa-or-disney/
    https://pelicula-2022.gitbook.io/ver-hd-tm-strange-world-pelicula-ver-completa/
    https://pelicula-2022.gitbook.io/cuevana-or-ver-strange-world-2022-online-en-espanol/
    https://pelicula-2022.gitbook.io/ver-hd-strangeworld-2022-pelicula-espanol-online/
    https://pelicula-2022.gitbook.io/watch-the-strangeworld-full-movie-now-and-get-free/
    https://pelicula-2022.gitbook.io/strange-world-disneys-movie-movie-2022-online-hd/
    https://pelicula-2022.gitbook.io/link-movies-strange-world-disney-movie-2022-free/
    https://pelicula-2022.gitbook.io/stream123-movies-stange-world-2022-online-at-home/
    https://pelicula-2022.gitbook.io/where-to-watch-strange-world-2022-full-movie-4k/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/donde-ver-black-panther-2022-or-online-en-espanol-or/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/ver-black-panther-wakanda-foreveronline-or-or-cuevana/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/ver-pantera-negra-pelicula-online-en-espanol/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/black-panther-wakanda-forever-pelicula-ompleta/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/ver-peliculas-black-panther-wakanda-forever-hd/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/er-aqui-black-panther-y-latino-online/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/er-aqui-black-panther-completa-online-gratis/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/como-puedo-ver-la-elicula-de-black-panther-2022/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/como-y-donde-la-elicula-black-panther-2022-en/
    https://challonge.com/MOVIEWatchBLACKADAM2022ONLINEFREE
    https://challonge.com/BLACKADAMPeliculaCompletaHDEspa%C3%B1olLatinoGratisCuevana3
    https://challonge.com/peliculablackadam2022gratis
    https://challonge.com/blackadam2022
    https://challonge.com/blackadamsuperman
    https://challonge.com/blackadammovie2022
    https://arifs-organization.gitbook.io/untitled/
    https://arifs-organization.gitbook.io/cuevana-black-adam-peliculas-2022/
    https://arifs-organization.gitbook.io/mega-ver-black-adam-pelicula-completa-hd-espanol/
    https://black-adam-dc.gitbook.io/mega-ver-black-adam/
    https://black-adam-dc.gitbook.io/black-adam-1080p-latino-+-ingles-mega/
    https://arifs-organization.gitbook.io/de-black-adam-2022-online-gratis/
    https://arifs-organization.gitbook.io/black-adam-pelicula/
    https://arifs-organization.gitbook.io/ver-aqui-black-adam-gratis-y-sin-ads./
    https://arifs-organization.gitbook.io/black-adam-audio-latino-2022-completa-pelicula-esp/
    https://view.genial.ly/635618dd0e2c8f00127d1e28/interactive-image-interactive-image
    https://view.genial.ly/63566c82ab5caa00190d8250/presentation-lyle-lyle-crocodile-2022
    https://view.genial.ly/63566c82ab5caa00190d8250/presentation-watch-reza-por-el-diablo-2022-pelicula-completa-hd-audio-latino
    https://view.genial.ly/635680c849953b00176a6c5d/presentation-stream-free-movies-and-tv-shows
    https://view.genial.ly/6357c9ad8050fb0018712cff/interactive-image-terrifier-2-2022-full-movie-free-watch-streaming-at-home
    https://view.genial.ly/6357ce08bf0c5400112b3b1e/presentation-bleach-thousand-year-blood-war-october-25-2022
    https://view.genial.ly/6357d6f120f4cc001bde7218/presentation-streaming-movie-2022-free-watch
    https://view.genial.ly/6357efe07e32f50011c52cb9/interactive-image-ver-pinocho-de-guillermo-del-toro-online-completa-gratis-en-hd
    https://view.genial.ly/6357f3517e32f50011c537f9/interactive-image-ver-la-maldicion-despertar-de-los-muertos-online-completa-gratis-hd
    https://view.genial.ly/6357f53d2a1c780018d49998/interactive-image-ver-aquaman-2-online-completa-gratis-en-hd
    https://view.genial.ly/6357f77ebf0c5400112bab55/interactive-image-ver-pantera-negra-wakanda-por-siempre-online-completa-gratis-en-hd
    https://view.genial.ly/6357f9378072c50011c473f0/interactive-image-ver-twelve-online-completa-gratis-en-hd
    https://sway.office.com/kC1OLiko7gN8ozMx?ref=Link
    https://documenter.getpostman.com/view/24083238/2s8YCdFDz9
    https://documenter.getpostman.com/view/24083238/2s8YCdFZEx
    https://documenter.getpostman.com/view/24298499/2s8YYMoLio
    https://documenter.getpostman.com/view/24298499/2s8YYMoLsZ
    https://zencastr.com/@damnjanu
    https://jemi.so/themonkeyking
    https://jemi.so/themonkeyking/posts/GJH5cIbq9xApvwXXCIWL
    https://jemi.so/themonkeyking/posts/ar1MPoxsWO0WeVy8U5tU
    https://jemi.so/themonkeyking/posts/vSdXm2cdZV3e2mltQoKo
    https://jemi.so/themonkeyking/posts/bIT7PolmyZhDoOP9v1b0
    https://jemi.so/themonkeyking/posts/4d2WDmVQRorXDlPne3aN
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-full-free/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/pantera-negra-2-wakanda-para-sempre-brasileiro/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/descarga-pantera-negra-2022-aqui-gratis-en-esp/
    https://black-panter.gitbook.io/ver-pantera-negra-2-en-hd-audio-espanol-latino/
    https://blacks-peliculas.gitbook.io/movies-hd-terrifier-2-movie-online-streaming-free/
    https://blacks-peliculas.gitbook.io/terrifier-2-2022-free-watch-and-download-full-movie/
    https://black-adam-peliculas-2022-ver-hd.gitbook.io/pelispedia-descargar-black-adam-online-gratis/
    https://black-adam-peliculas-2022-ver-hd.gitbook.io/black-adam-2022-online-en-espanol-y-latino/
    https://black-adam-peliculas-2022-ver-hd.gitbook.io/pelisplus-black-adam-hd-online-completa-en-espanol/
    https://black-adam-peliculas-2022-ver-hd.gitbook.io/ver-black-adam-2022-online-en-espanol-y-latino-hd/
    https://black-adam-peliculas-2022-ver-hd.gitbook.io/ver-ahora-black-adam-en-linea-gratis/
    https://black-adam-peliculas-2022-ver-hd.gitbook.io/pelisplus-black-adam-2022-online-en-espanol/

  • sytoqucop

    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/104728
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/104723
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106230
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105874
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106496
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106215
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105869
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106481
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106195
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/104688
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106476
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106471
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105934
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/104617
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106290
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106295
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/104768
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105944
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/104627
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/104632
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105949
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106556
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/104778
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106305
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105297
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106895
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106890
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105318
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105292
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106885
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106880
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107071
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106875
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105308
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107061
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107056
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107521
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107340
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106959
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105793
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105798
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107546
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105787
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107390
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105792
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105803
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105808
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105807
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107430
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106989
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106994
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105777
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105767
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107541
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105788
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105783
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106964
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105782
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107380
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107551
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107395
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107510
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107054
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107049
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105878
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107636
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107044
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107505
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107495
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107490
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107616
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107465
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105912
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107570
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107706
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107565
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107701
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105907
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107696
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107560
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107691
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105902
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107214
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105983
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105978
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107209
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105968
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107199
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105958
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107189
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/105962
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107751
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107746
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106042
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107851
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106053
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106048
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107284
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107670
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107665
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/106043
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107846
    https://new.c.mi.com/ph/post/107660

    https://new.c.mi.com/global/post/454467
    https://new.c.mi.com/global/post/453083
    https://new.c.mi.com/global/post/454462
    https://new.c.mi.com/global/post/448595
    https://new.c.mi.com/global/post/451206
    https://new.c.mi.com/global/post/451201
    https://new.c.mi.com/global/post/454457
    https://new.c.mi.com/global/post/453629
    https://new.c.mi.com/global/post/454447
    https://new.c.mi.com/global/post/453073

    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47108
    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47110
    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47117
    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47114
    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47118
    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47120
    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47121
    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47123
    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47124
    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47125
    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47126
    https://www.runtheworld.today/app/invitation/47122

    https://zencastr.com/Black-Adam-Adam-intunecatul-2022-FULL-Online-Subtitrat-Dublat-in-Romana
    https://zencastr.com/WATCH-Black-Panther-Wakanda-Forever-2022-FullMovie-Free-Online-on-123
    https://zencastr.com/Adam-intunecatul-2022-Filmul-Online-Subtitrat-in-Romana-HD-Gratuit
    https://zencastr.com/Urmariti-Adam-intunecatul-2022-Film-Online-Subtitrat-in-Romana-HD
    https://zencastr.com/Black-Adam-Adam-intunecatul-2022-Film-Online-Subtitrat-in-Romana
    https://zencastr.com/Adam-intunecatul-2022-Film-Online-Subtitrat-in-Romana-HD-1080p
    https://zencastr.com/ADAM-INTUNECATUL-2022-FILM-ONLINE-SUBTITRAT-IN-ROMANA-HD1080P
    https://zencastr.com/Adam-intunecatul-2022-Film-Online-Subtitrat-in-Romana-HD

    https://techplanet.today/post/download123ovies-black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-mp4720p-080p-hd-4k-english-and-tamil
    https://techplanet.today/post/123movies-download-black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-mp4720p-1080p-hd-4k-english
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch-black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-streaming-online-ree-on-123mvies-reddit
    https://techplanet.today/post/watchfree-black-panther-wakanda-forever-fullmovie-online-available-reddit123movies
    https://techplanet.today/post/black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-movie-download-free-720p-480p-and-1080p
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch-black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-full-hindi-movie-free-online-1
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch-black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-fullmovie-free-online-on-123
    https://techplanet.today/post/black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-fullmovie-free-online-on-123movies-1
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch-black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-full-hindi-movie-free-online
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch-black-panther-wakanda-forever-free-online-streaming-at-home
    https://techplanet.today/post/black-panther-wakanda-forever-full-movie-leaked-online-for-free-download
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch123-black-panther-wakanda-forever-ull-ovie-now-available-online
    https://techplanet.today/post/googledrive-black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-mp4720p-1080p-hd-4k-english
    https://techplanet.today/post/free-download-black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-online-on-123movies
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch-black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-fullmovie-free-online-at-home
    https://techplanet.today/post/black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-fullmovie-free-online-on-123movies-2
    https://techplanet.today/post/black-panther-wakanda-forever-2022-fullmovie-in-hindi-filmyzilla-hindi-or-tamil
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch-black-panther-wakanda-forever-on-123movies-free-movies
    https://techplanet.today/post/r4k-download-black-adam-2022-online-on-123movies
    https://techplanet.today/post/black-panther-wakanda-forever-full-movie-watch-online-free
    https://techplanet.today/post/123movies-watch-the-monkey-king-the-legend-begins-free-online-streaming-1
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch-123movies-the-monkey-king-the-legend-beginsnow-available-online
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch-2022-fullmovie-streaming-online-at-home
    https://techplanet.today/post/the-monkey-king-the-legend-begins-fullmoviese-now-available-to-hd-on-streaming
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch123moviethe-monkey-king-the-legend-begins-fullmovie-now-available
    https://techplanet.today/post/voirhd-the-monkey-king-the-legend-begins-streaming-vf-fr-complet-francais-vostfr
    https://techplanet.today/post/where-to-stream-the-movie-the-monkey-king-the-legend-begins-at-home
    https://techplanet.today/post/where-to-the-monkey-king-the-legend-begins-at-home
    https://techplanet.today/post/watch123movies-the-monkey-king-the-legend-begins-free-online
    https://techplanet.today/post/the-monkey-king-the-legend-begins-fullmovie-hk
    https://techplanet.today/post/the-monkey-king-the-legend-begins-2022-fullmovie-hk
    https://techplanet.today/post/free-download-the-monkey-king-the-legend-begins-movies123-hd-for-full
    https://techplanet.today/post/download-the-monkey-king-atmovies123-hd-for-free-2022
    https://techplanet.today/post/streaming-the-monkey-king-twmovies-free-movie
    https://techplanet.today/post/watchfree-the-monkey-king-the-legend-begins-available-on-streaming

    https://endezo-nz.com/south-korea-in-mourning-after-halloween-crowd-crush-kills-at-least-153-including-two-americans/
    https://telegra.ph/South-Korea-in-mourning-after-Halloween-crowd-crush-kills-at-least-153-including-two-Americans-10-30-2
    https://graph.org/South-Korea-in-mourning-after-Halloween-crowd-crush-kills-at-least-153-including-two-Americans-10-30-3
    https://sebsauvage.net/paste/?af23667d3b49fd77#MPmohtAD9gDli/PkqET9/cOQe0TqE72UkhhJguRhVdQ=
    https://privatebin.net/?3f92b7ceaca01dde#3ft7wofNVf3qmkQBT3WesoMXXzMgdNSaY3hTZsTtXDmo
    https://paste.imirhil.fr/?f107c4a42f4fe6d0#2aMwhuEttMlMWmN1UEbvrRBimCqXin9k3d8ZLNdT+/g=
    https://paste.itefix.net/?818cb0f5a915d2f0#6azkWVHWX9kaixrGypsr8g2RUVeCYftAYN2yoWZQirLa
    https://paste.chapril.org/?4b7751d59e148649#frXJP1STwHYrZXChaC6pB9HJN9FHQmirm1eGQ7uhYF1
    https://www.posteezy.com/qwdkoqwkdopkqwdopkwqdopkqwdwqd

    https://paste.toolforge.org/view/452dfe97
    https://pastelink.net/tik9a3jg
    https://rentry.co/hqk4s
    https://bitbin.it/1HzhIqqE/
    https://yamcode.com/hkr4hqv54f
    https://justpaste.it/7v5cr
    https://justpaste.me/pFJE2
    https://ctxt.io/2/AAAQ8RY_Ew

  • bajulkaja2

    https://groups.google.com/g/black-adam-fullversion/c/2M7bb1o66OI
    https://groups.google.com/g/black-adam-fullversion/c/W6G8qjXUCGI
    https://groups.google.com/g/black-adam-fullversion/c/sTAmzld2GDI
    https://groups.google.com/g/black-adam-streaming-vf-en-francais-vostfr-fr/c/FOQ_Ar6a5Ow
    https://groups.google.com/g/black-adam-streaming-vf-en-francais-vostfr-fr/c/hc0deLAte64
    https://groups.google.com/g/black-adam-streaming-vf-en-francais-vostfr-fr/c/bmsBsloDfiA
    https://groups.google.com/g/one-piece-film-red-streaming-vf-en-francais-vostfr-fr/c/zrt9LyRn1N4
    https://groups.google.com/g/one-piece-film-red-streaming-vf-en-francais-vostfr-fr/c/a-afm27Qh5g
    https://groups.google.com/g/one-piece-film-red-streaming-vf-en-francais-vostfr-fr/c/tPT-n6npOvc
    https://groups.google.com/g/dragon-ball-super-streamingvf/c/c8M0b-C3VvY
    https://groups.google.com/g/dragon-ball-super-streamingvf/c/nW3QFVERBWo
    https://groups.google.com/g/dragon-ball-super-streamingvf/c/mmCa5sDm3w
    https://groups.google.com/g/top-gun-maverick-streamingvf/c/F9saXEBxI_k
    https://groups.google.com/g/top-gun-maverick-streamingvf/c/FjNvk8klWcQ
    https://groups.google.com/g/top-gun-maverick-streamingvf/c/nxKw2M6RBkk
    https://groups.google.com/g/jujutsu-kaisen-0-filmcomplet/c/2XKYGUBHwuo
    https://groups.google.com/g/jujutsu-kaisen-0-filmcomplet/c/Sm8oMR_QdcQ
    https://groups.google.com/g/jujutsu-kaisen-0-filmcomplet/c/GjSclNdUxkw
    https://groups.google.com/g/spider-man-no-way-home-filmcomplet/c/gw7xz1Uz_PA
    https://groups.google.com/g/spider-man-no-way-home-filmcomplet/c/Yoj7NJ8KULo
    https://groups.google.com/g/spider-man-no-way-home-filmcomplet/c/dsNC2L5rtJE
    https://groups.google.com/g/black-panther-wakanda-forever-streamingita/c/G5_xz_G8aGc
    https://groups.google.com/g/black-panther-wakanda-forever-streamingita/c/EOYDGjAmarQ
    https://groups.google.com/g/black-panther-wakanda-forever-streamingita/c/J6MfcAa6PY8
    https://techplanet.today/post/dragon-ball-super-super-hero-streaming-vf-en-francais-vostfr-fr-2
    https://techplanet.today/post/dragon-ball-super-super-hero-streaming-vf-gratuit-et-vostfr-fr-1
    https://groups.google.com/g/blackadamespanol/c/Z3    FZoIng8A
    https://groups.google.com/g/blackadamespanol/c/q5h5vNRW-O0
    https://groups.google.com/g/blackadamespanol/c/J53pMCIWi04
    https://linktr.ee/tecovupi

Leave a comment

BLOG